Emergency Contraception: How It Works

What Is Emergency Contraception?

Emergency contraception is a safe way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. Many people call it the “morning-after pill.” However, it is not just one pill. There are different types. You can use emergency contraception if your regular birth control fails or if you did not use any. For example, a condom may break, or you may forget to take your daily pill. In these cases, emergency contraception can help.

How Emergency Contraception Works

Emergency contraception works mainly by stopping or delaying ovulation. Ovulation is when your ovary releases an egg. If there is no egg, sperm cannot cause pregnancy. Some types may also stop sperm from meeting the egg. Others may change the lining of the uterus, making it hard for a pregnancy to start. However, emergency contraception does not end an existing pregnancy. It only helps prevent one from starting.

Types of Emergency Contraception

There are two main types of emergency contraception. Each works in a different way. Here are the main options:

Pills: These are also called emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). Common brands include Plan B One-Step and Ella. You take them by mouth.

Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD): A doctor places this small device in your uterus. It can work as emergency contraception if placed within five days after unprotected sex.

Both types are safe for most people. But, you should choose the one that fits your needs best.

When and How to Use Emergency Contraception

It is important to act quickly. Emergency contraception works best the sooner you use it. Here is what you should know:

Take emergency contraceptive pills as soon as possible, ideally within 72 hours. Some pills work up to five days after sex, but sooner is better.

Ask a doctor about the copper IUD. It must be placed within five days after unprotected sex.

Follow the instructions on the package or from your healthcare provider.

In some places, you may need a prescription for certain pills or for the IUD. Check local rules or ask your pharmacist.

Remember, emergency contraception is for emergencies. It is not meant for regular use.

Effectiveness and Limitations

Many people ask about emergency contraception effectiveness. Here is what research shows:

Emergency contraceptive pills can lower the chance of pregnancy by 75% to 89% if taken soon after sex.

The copper IUD is even more effective. It prevents over 99% of pregnancies when used as emergency contraception.

However, no method is 100% effective. Also, emergency contraception does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). For regular birth control, use other reliable methods.

Possible Side Effects

Most people have no serious problems with emergency contraception. Still, some may notice mild side effects. These can include:

Nausea or upset stomach

Headache

Dizziness

Breast tenderness

Changes in your next period (it may be earlier, later, or heavier)

Usually, these effects go away on their own. If you feel very unwell or your period is more than a week late, see a doctor.

Myths and Facts

There are many myths about emergency contraception. Let’s clear up some facts:

Emergency contraception does not cause abortion. It prevents pregnancy before it starts.

It is safe for most women, even teens.

Using it once does not harm your future fertility.

It is not meant for regular birth control. Use other methods for ongoing protection.

Knowing the facts helps you make safe choices.

When to Consult a Doctor

Sometimes, you may need to talk to a healthcare provider. For example, see a doctor if:

You are unsure which type of emergency contraception is best for you.

You have health problems or take other medicines.

Your period is more than a week late after using emergency contraception.

You have severe pain or heavy bleeding.

Doctors can answer your questions and help you choose the safest option.

In summary, emergency contraception is a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. However, it works best when used quickly. Consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice on emergency contraception.