Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in or on the uterus. Many women develop these benign uterine tumors during their childbearing years. Although fibroids are common, not everyone has symptoms. In the United States, up to 70% of women may get fibroids by age 50, according to the CDC. Because these growths are usually not cancer, they are called benign. However, they can still cause discomfort or other health issues. Understanding fibroid symptoms and treatment for uterine fibroids can help you make informed choices about your health.

Common Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Some women with uterine fibroids have no symptoms at all. However, others may notice changes in their bodies. For example, symptoms can depend on the size, number, and location of the fibroids. If you have any of the following signs, it may be due to fibroids:

Heavy or long menstrual periods

Pain or pressure in the lower belly

Frequent urination

Difficulty emptying the bladder

Constipation

Back or leg pain

Pain during sex

Swelling or fullness in the abdomen

Not all symptoms mean you have fibroids. But if you notice any of these, it is wise to talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of uterine fibroids. Still, several factors can raise your risk. For instance, hormones like estrogen and progesterone seem to help fibroids grow. In addition, family history plays a role. If your mother or sister had fibroids, you may be more likely to get them. Other risk factors include:

Being between ages 30 and 50

Being overweight or obese

Having African American heritage

Starting your period at a young age

Eating a diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables

Although you cannot control all risk factors, knowing them can help you stay alert to changes in your health.

How Uterine Fibroids Are Diagnosed

Doctors use several methods to diagnose uterine fibroids. First, your doctor may ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, a pelvic exam can help check for changes in the shape or size of your uterus. If fibroids are suspected, your doctor may order tests such as:

Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create images of your uterus

MRI: Gives detailed pictures of fibroids and their location

Blood tests: Check for anemia caused by heavy bleeding

Hysteroscopy: Looks inside the uterus with a thin, lighted tube

Early diagnosis can help you find the best treatment for uterine fibroids and avoid complications.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for pregnancy. Some women need no treatment if symptoms are mild. However, if fibroids cause problems, several options are available:

Medications: Help control pain or heavy bleeding

Hormone therapy: Shrinks fibroids by lowering hormone levels

Non-invasive procedures: Such as MRI-guided focused ultrasound

Minimally invasive surgery: Includes uterine artery embolization or laparoscopic myomectomy

Traditional surgery: Such as hysterectomy, which removes the uterus

Your doctor will help you choose the best treatment based on your needs and health goals.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot always prevent uterine fibroids, healthy habits may lower your risk. For example, eating more fruits and vegetables can help. In addition, staying at a healthy weight is important. Here are some tips:

Eat a balanced diet rich in fiber and low in red meat

Exercise regularly to maintain a healthy weight

Limit alcohol and caffeine intake

See your doctor for regular check-ups

Although these steps may not stop fibroids, they support your overall health.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice heavy periods, pain, or other symptoms, do not wait to seek help. Early treatment can prevent complications. For example, see your doctor if you:

Have very heavy or painful periods

Feel a lump or swelling in your lower belly

Have trouble getting pregnant

Experience sudden, severe pain

Remember, only a healthcare professional can diagnose and treat uterine fibroids properly.

If you have concerns about uterine fibroids or fibroid symptoms, consult your doctor for personalized advice and care.